Webb Family Tree

1512 AD Ponce De Leon Claims Florida for Spain - In a quest for the fabled “fountain of youth,” Juan Ponce de Leon, explored Florida. He claimed the land for Spain.

1513 AD Battle of the Spurs - The Battle of the Spurs, which took its name from the flight of French troops, took place in August 1513. The battle which took place at Guinegate pitted the French against the forces of England's Henry VIII,and the Holy Roman Emperor Maximillian troops. The French defeat forced them to give up Milan, and Loius XII, the invasion of Italy.

1517 AD Martin Luther Nail Thesis to Church -The Protestant Reformation was launched when Martin Luther nailed his criticism of the Catholic Church on the door of the Wittenberg Cathedral. The heart of Luthers complaints were the sale of indulgences by Catholic clergy.

1517 AD Cortes Completes The Conquest of Mexico - Spanish conqueror Hernando Cortes conquered the Aztec capital of Techotchitlan. Thus completing his brutal conquest of the Aztec Indians and all of Mexico.

1517 AD Sebastian Cabot Discovers Hudson Bay -Sebastian Cabot discovered the entrance to Hudson Bay in 1517. He traveled as far south as South Carolina.

1519 AD Ferdinand Magellan Sets Sail Around the World - On August 10, 1519 Portuguese navigator Magellan left Seville with a fleet of five ships on a journey of exploration. He found a route around South America throught the Straits that now bear his name. Magellan died in the Pacific, but his lieutenant and 18 of his men returned to Seville in 1522, after circumnavigating the globe.

1520 AD Suleiman the Magnificent Selim the Ottoman sultan died, he was succeeded by his son Suleiman I. Suleiman became known as Suleiman the Magnificent.

1521 AD Magellan Dies - Ferdinand Magellan, who had circumnavigated South America and reached the Pacific, discovered the Philippine Islands which he claimed for Spain. Magellan is killed in a skirmish with Mactan Indians. Magellan's lieutenant and his remaining men returned to Seville Spain in 1522 after circling the globe.

1522 AD Battle of Bicocca -Charles V of Germany defeated the French forces in the first Valios- Hapsburg War at the battle of Biocca- outside of Milan. As a result the French were once again ousted from Italy.

1524 AD German Peasant's Rebel - Peasants in Southern Germany took heed of Luthers call for religious reform and extended it to include a call for social reform as well. The peasants overthrew the local government in Muhlhausen and demand an end to serfdom, feudal dues and tithes. The uprising was violent and between 100 and 150 thousand peasants are killed inlcuding 5,000 killed by an army of Philip, Landgrave of Hesse who finally end the rebellion on May 14, 1525. Its leader Thomas Muntzer is beheaded.

1524 AD Verazzano Discovers New York Bay -Sailing under a French flag, Giovanni da Verrazano discovered New York Bay, on April 17, 1524. Verrazano first sighted land on March 1st– it was the coast of North Carolina. Verrazano, thus, found New York Bay in the course of his long search for a passage to the Pacific.

1525 AD Battle of Pavia- On February 24 the French are decisively defeated at the Battle of Pavia. Facing the French and their Swiss mercenaries are Spanish and German armies. 6,000 French soldiers are killed in the battle and Francois, the King of France, is taken prisoner. He is forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid renouncing all claims to Burgundy, Flanders, Artois, Tournia and Italy.

1526 AD Babur Control India -Babar the leader of the Mughal crossed the Kybur pass with 12,000 troops. Although his forces were outnumber ten to one his superior tactics as well as advanced artillery allowed him to overcome an army ten time his size. Babar soon gained control of Delhi and the Northern Plains of India.

1526 AD First Battle of Panipat - On April 19th 1526 Zahir-ud-din Babar defeats a much larger force led by Delhi's sultan. Babar then goes on to take control of much of India. He founds the Mughal dynasty that goes on to rule India for over 200 years.

1527 AD Guatemala City Founded -The Spanish found Guatemala City. They created the Spanish capitaincy general of Guatemala. It comprised present day Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica.

1529 AD Algeria– Vassal State - The Ottomans expelled Spain from Algeria with the help of the pirate Barbarossa II. Algeria became a vassal state of the Ottomans.

1529 AD Treaty of Cambrai -France's Francois I renounced the Treaty of Madrid, once he was released from captivity, claiming he had been coerced into signing it. He then declared war on Charles V and once again invading Italy after he had entered into an alliance with William of England. Francois managed to lay seige to Naples, but due to a typhus epidemic that was ravaging Italy, 19,000 out of 25,000 of Francois army was lost to the disease. The French are forced to withdraw. In August 1529 Francois agreed once agains to a treaty where he renounced all claims to Italy and agreed to pay a ransom of 2,000,000 crowns. The ongoing wars for Italy effectively ended the Italian Renaissance.

1531 AD Pizarro Conquers Peru - In 1531 Pizarro began his conquest of Peru. He arrived from Panama with 300 men and 100 horses. By August 1533 Pizzaro completed his conquest of the Incas. His conquest was greatly aided by dissension within the Incas. The Incan leader Atahualpa was taken prisoner while coming to dinner with Pizzaro. His 40,000 men did not attack believing he would be ransomed. A ransom was collected, but he was executed and the Incan Empire ended.

1532 AD Ottomans Invade Hungary - The Ottomans led by Suleiman II invaded Hungary and marched towards Vienna. He was stopped by the forces of Charles V and the Protestant League. The Protestant League and Charles were able to ally with each other as a result of the Peace of Nuremberg which permited the Protestants their free exercise of religion.

1533 AD Henry VIII Marries Anne Boleyn - Henry the VIII secretly married Anne Boleyn with whom he had been living for 5 years. Thomas Cranmer performed the marriage advising him that his previous marriage was null and void.

1533 AD Suleiman Makes peace With Ferdinand I - Suleiman signed a peace treaty with Ferdinand of Hungary that divided the country. Under its terms Ferdinand, who was the brother of the Holy Roman Emperor, ruled part of Hungary while Joan Zapoya, a puppet of Suleiman, ruled the rest.

1533 AD Pizarro Kills Inca Chief -Spanish governor, Francisco Pizarro, killed the Inca Indian Chief Atahualpa. Atahualpa was executed, despite the fact that his people had paid Pizarro a $15 million ransom for his freedom.

1534 AD England Breaks With Church in Rome- After the Church of Rome canceled his annulment to Catherine, and had Henry VIII excommunicated for marrying Anne Boylen, Henry breaks with Rome. He has the parliament pass the Act of Supremacy which states that the King is the supreme head of the English church, and he is the one to appoint all clergy. Henry goes on to break up England monstaries. This results in unforseen economic consequences with more land is enclosed and less common land for peasants to graze their animals.

1534 AD Cartier Claims Canada - Jacques Cartier, sailing under the patronage of King Frances I of France, arrived at the mouth of the St. Lawrence River. After exploring the area, he claimed the area for France.

1536 AD Anne Boleyn Beheaded -Ann Boleyn is beheaded at the request of her husband Henry VIII on the charge of adultery. Henry goes on to marry her lady in waiting Jane Seymour.

1536 AD John Calvin Publishes Institution Chretienne -In 1536 John Calvin published his treatise Institutes of Christian Religion. The treatise was 532 pages in length and its preamble was addressed to the King of France. The book became a roadmap of Protestant thought.

1540 AD First Known Native American Composition A Native American singer from the city of Tlaxcala, Mexico composes a mass.

1540 AD Thomas Cromwell Executed - Thomas Cromwell who was King Henry VIII closest advisor was beheaded in 1540. He was at the forefront of the Kings efforts to break the power of the Catholic church. Cromwell lost some of the confidence of Henry when he selected Anne duke of Cleves as Henry's new wife after the death of Jane Seymour. Henry on meeting her stated " she had no looks, spoke no English and was no better then a Flander mare". When Cromwell was accused of being a herectic Henry went along with his beheading in the Tower of London.

1540 AD Ethiopian Music Notation Developed -According to traditional belief, the musical notational signs used in Ethiopian Coptic chant were developed during the reign of King Claudius (1540-1559) by two priests, Azza Gera and Azza Ragwel. The oldest surviving noted manuscripts in Ethiopia date from the 16th century. The notation consists of markings in the margins and between the lines of text.

1541 AD Henry VIII, King of England Becomes King of Ireland - 1541 was another busy year for Henry VIII. In February Henry had his fifth wife Catherine beheaded for committing adultery. In June he became King of Ireland

1542 AD Westerner in Japan -The first European visitors arrive in Japan aboard a shipwrecked Chinese ship. The Portuguese travelers have muskets, which they sold to the Japanese, who soon duplicate them.

1542 AD DeSoto Discovers Mississippi - On May 8, 1541, Hernando de Soto's expedition in the New World discovered the Mississippi River. The expedition had started out in Florida, in April 1538. It ended in September 1542, when the remnants of the expedition arrived in Mexico. The expedition left behind a trail of slain Indians. De Soto himself died of fever three weeks after arriving on the Mississippi. The expedition had actually crossed the River upstream earlier but had not realized it.

1543 AD Copernicus Claims Earth Circles the Sun In 1543 Nicolaus Copernicus published De revolutionbu orbium coelestiium. This work set out to prove that the earth and the other planets circle around the sun. This was in direct contrast to the accepted theory that everything circled the earth.

1543 AD First Illustrated Study of Human Body - In 1543 Adreas Vesalius published De fabricaq corporis humani. It was the first illustrated systematic study of the human anatomy, and revived the concept of scientific study of the human body

1546 AD Peace of Andres -The Peace of Ardres was signed in 1546 between England and France. It ended a two year war between the two. Under its terms England received indemnity from France and was allowed to retain the French port of Boulogne for eight years.

1547 AD Ivan the Terrible Czar of all the Russians -On January 17th Ivan IV had himself crowned the czar of all of Russia. He was the first Russian ruler to be crowned czar.

1550 AD The Peace of Boulogne -Peace is once again restored between England and France with the signing of the peace treaty of Boulogne. Under its terms England withdrew from Scotland, France also regained Boulogne in return for an indemnity.

1552 AD Treaty of Passau -The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V attempted to force the Protestant Princes of Southern Germany to return to Catholicism at the point of the sword. Prince Henry II of France took advantage of the situation by allying himself with the Protestants and seizing Metz, Toul and Verdun. Charles was forced to leave Germany and sign the Treaty of Passau granting the Protestants religious liberty. In 1555 the Peace Augsburg was signed, under whose terms each German prince was allowed to pick a religion for his state.

1554 AD Thomas Wyatt- Leads a Rebellion Against - Thomas Wyatt led a rebellion against Mary Queen of England. The cause of the rebellion the impending marriage of Mary to Phillip son of the Catholic Holy Roman Emperor. Mary was plannning to restore Catholicism to England. His army was defeated on February 9th and Wyatt was executed in April. Following Mary's marriage, Protestants and former Protestants were persecuted, with many being burned at the stake.

1555 AD Jews Restricted to ghettos in Italy - In 1555 Pope Paul IV issued his bull Cum nimis absrudam. Under its terms Jews in the cities were restricted to their own quarters at night. Venice already had "ghettos" for the Jews.

1555 AD Treaty of Amasya - In 1555 the Treaty of Amasya was signed between the Ottoman Empire and Persia. This brought to an end the war between the parties. Under its terms Persia recognized the Ottoman sovereignty over Iraq.

1556 AD First Music Book Printed in the New World -An Ordinarium is published in a printing press in Mexico. The book includes music for church services.

1556 AD Second Battle of Panipat In 1556 Jala-ud-Din returns from exile after his father Humayun the Mughal emperor dies. Jala-ud-Din rules as Akbar. He defeats Hindu forces at the Battle of Panipat on November 5th . He thus regains the Hindustani Empire.

1557 AD Battle of Saint Quentin -Queen Mary of England comes to the support of her husband Phillip II in a conflict with France. The English and the Spanish defeat the French at the Battle of Saint Quentin. With Paris threatened the French are forced to recall their forces from Italy.

1557 AD Macao Established Emperor Akbar (1556-1605) brought Tan Sen from the court of Reva to become his own court musician. Tan Sen is best known for his attempts to join Hindu and Muslim musical styles. While Tan Sen was a master of the ancient Hindu vocal style, Dhrupad, he also created a new genre, Dabari.

1558 AD Elizabethian Age Begins - The Elizabethan Age in England begins with the death of Queen Mary and the ascension to the throne of Elizabeth, the daughter of Henry VIII by Anne Boleyn.

1559 AD Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis The Religious Wars that had gone on incessantly between England, France, Spain and the Holy Roman Empire are ended by the Treaty of Cateau- Cambresis. Under its terms France renounces claims to Italy, and confirms Spanish control of much of Italy.

1560 AD Treaty of Edinburgh - Mary, Queen of Scots declared herself Queen of England in 1559. The next year French troops in Scotland try to assert the claim of Mary against Elizabeth, who the Catholics claim is illegitimate (Elizabeth was the daugther of Henry and Anne Boleyn whose marriage to Henry was consider null by the Catholics). The French troops were beseiged at Leith, and the French were forced to sign the treaty of Edinburgh ceasing their interferance in the affairs of Scotland.

1562 AD Tan Sen Made Court Musician in India Emperor Akbar (1556-1605) brought Tan Sen from the court of Reva to become his own court musician. Tan Sen is best known for his attempts to join Hindu and Muslim musical styles. While Tan Sen was a master of the ancient Hindu vocal style, Dhrupad, he also created a new genre, Dabari.

1562 AD French Establish Settlement In Florida -The French first attempted to settle Florida in 1562. A group of Huguenots, under the direction of Jean Ribault, established a temporary settlement on the coast of what became South Carolina. When they were not resupplied, they abandoned the settlement. In 1864, a second group of Huguenots established a settlement at Ft. Caroline at the mouth of the St. Johns River.

1562 AD First French War of Religion France became embroiled in a religious civil war between the Huguenots and Catholics. The war was touched off by the massacre of Hugenots at Vassy on March 1. The Hugenots retailiated by killing priests and raping nuns. The Hugenots maintained a hold on Orleans, Lyon and Rouen. Queen Elizabeth of England pledged her support to the Hugenots.

1564 AD Michelangelo Dies -Michelangelo (properly Michelagniolo Buonarotti) died in 1567 His many works included the sculpture Bacchus, Maddona and Moses as well as the painting Last Judgement on the back of the Sistine Chapel.

1567 AD Rio de Janeiro Founded The Portuguese founded Rio de Janeiro. They first ousted the French colonists who were there.

1567 AD Second French War Begins -A second religious civil war broke out in France between the Catholics and the Hugenonts. The war broke out when the Hugenots attempted the capture King Charles IX and his regent mother Catherine de Medicis. The war ended with the signing of the Peace of Longjumeau in 1568.

1568 AD Eighty Years War BeginsA war that lasted for eighty years broke out when Flemish opponents to the Spanish inquisition were beheaded. 20 leading Flemish opponents inlcuding the Comte d' Egmont and Comte d' Horn were killed. The Flemish and Dutch then began a rebellion against Spanish rule.

1569 AD Northern Rebellion -Dukes of Northern England revolted against Elizabeth in order to restore Catholicism to England. The rebels hoped to free Mary, Queen of Scotts from captivity. Elizabeth put down the rebellion, and her troops killed 3,000 of the rebels.

1570 AD Third French War Begins The peace ended quickly when the Third French War broke out the next year. It lasted for two years and ended with the Peace of Saint Germain-en Laye.

1571 AD Battle of Lepanto -On October 7th, 1571 the Ottoman fleet of 240 galleys was defeated by a fleet from the Maritime League. The League's fleet consisted of ships from Spain, Malta, Genoa and Venice. The Maritime league takes 4,000 prisoneers, frees 12,000 Chritstian slaves and kills 25,000 Otoman in the battle.

1572 AD St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre On August 23 and 24th Catholics in France killed 50,000 Hugenonts in Paris and the provinces. The massacre was called for by the queen mother Catherine de Medici and is applauded by Pope Gregory XIII.

1574 AD Tunis Annexed by Ottomans -An Ottoman army under the command of Sinan Pasha retakes Tunisia. The Austians had driven the Ottomans out the year before. It is annexed to the Ottoman Empire.