Webb Family Tree

1485 AD Botticielli Paints The Birth of Venus -In 1485 The Birth of Venus was painted by Sandor Botticielli in Florence. It was Botticeilli’s most famous work. Botticielli also illustrated Dante’s Divana Commedia and worked on the Sistine Chapel

1487 AD Dias Circles South Africa - Bartholomeu Dias the Portuguese explorer was blown off course and around the Cape of Good Hope. He became the first European explorer to circle Southern Africa.

1491 AD Portuguese in Angola Portuguese explorers establish an embassy at Mbanza the capital of the Bantu State in the present Angola. The Kongo ruler converts to Catholicism.

1492 AD Columbus Sets Sails For New World - Isabella, Queen of Spain financed the voyage of Christopher Columbus. His goal was to find a sea route to the Orient by sailing westward. He set sail on August 3, 1492 in his flagship the Santa Maria with 52 men aboard. Also sailing was the smaller Pinta and Nina. On October 12th land is sighted.

1492 AD Jews Driven From Spain -The Jews of Spain were ordered out of Spain by July 31, 1492. Some Jews accept the cross and stayed, while over 100,000 left Spain, many traveling to the Ottoman Empire, while some settled in Portugal.

1492 AD Moors Driven out of Spain -On January 2, 1492 Granada surrendered to Isabella and Ferdinand. Granada was the last Muslim Kingdom in Spain and this marked the final expulsion of the Moors from Spain.

1492 AD Columbus Discovers America -In 1492, Columbus set sail from Spain to discover a westward passage to the Orient. His trip was financed by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella. On October 12th, after several fearful weeks at sea, Columbus finally set foot on dry land. He landed at San Salvador.

1493 AD Columbus' Second Voyage - After Columbus returns to Spain with strange animals, a live Indian and other unsusual items Queen Isabella grants Columbus enormous priviledges. He is sent back with 1,500 men and a fleet of 17 ships as the governor of the new land.

1494 AD Treaty of Tordesillas - The Treaty of Tordesillas was signed which divided the world between Portuguese and Spanish lands. The Spanish received all of the land to the West and the Portuguese to the East. This gave Portugal Africa while Spain received all of the new world with the exception of Brazil.

1497 AD John Cabot Discovers NewFoundland- John Cabot together with his son Sebastian discovered Newfoundland. He claims it for England.

1498 AD Christopher Columbus Sets Sail for Third Voyage -In 1498 Christopher Columbus set sail for his third voyage to the New World. In the course of the voyage he discovered Trinidad. In addition he apparently landed in South America.

1498 AD Da Vinci paints The Last Supper- In 1498 Leonardo Da Vinci painted his most famous mural, The Last Supper. The mural depicts the last meal of Christ before being incarcerated

1498 AD Vasco de Gama Sails to India -Vasco De Gama, the Portuguese explorer, arrived in India. He established a trading post, thus creating a new trade route between Europe and the East.

1498 AD Vasco De Gama lands in India -Following up on the discovery by Dias of the Cape of Good Hope, Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama sets sail for India. In 1498, da Gama reached India.

1498 AD Cabot Claims North America For Great Britain -On June 24th, John Cabot, sailing on behalf of King Henry of England, sighted the coast of New Foundland. He claimed lands for England.

1501 AD Battle of Shurer -The Safawod Dynasty was founded in 1501 when Ismail I of Arabadil defeated the leader of the White Sheep dynasty at the battle of Shurer. This consolidated Shite rule of Iran.

1501 AD Louis XII Conquers Northern Italy - 1501- Loius XII conquers Northern Italy and is declared by Pope Alexander VI King of Naples. Under the terms of the Peace of Trent the German king Maximilian I recognizes the French conquest of Northern Italy.

1502 AD Vasco de Gama Founds Chochin - The Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama built a factory and trading post at Chochin in Southwestern India. It was the first European settlement in India.

1503 AD Da Vinci paints Mona Lisa -In 1503- Leonardo Da Vinci completed his painting the Mona Lisa.

1504 AD Ferdinand of Argon Conquers Naples On January 1, Ferdinand of Aragon completed the conquest of Naples when French forces at Gaeta surrendered. Under the terms of the treaty of Lyon France maintained control of Northern Italy while Spain maintained control of Southern Italy.

1508 AD Muscat Captured by Portugal - Muscat in Southern Arabia was conquered by the Portuguese. They established it as their base of operation in Arabia.

1508 AD Michelangelo Begins Painting The Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel - Michelangelo spent four years painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. He worked unassisted.

1509 AD Battle of Diu - The Portuguese established their predominance over the spice trade by defeating a Muslim fleet at the battle of Diu,. The battle took place on February 2, 1509 in the Indian Ocean.

1512 AD Ponce De Leon Claims Florida for Spain - In a quest for the fabled “fountain of youth,” Juan Ponce de Leon, explored Florida. He claimed the land for Spain.

1513 AD Battle of the Spurs - The Battle of the Spurs, which took its name from the flight of French troops, took place in August 1513. The battle which took place at Guinegate pitted the French against the forces of England's Henry VIII,and the Holy Roman Emperor Maximillian troops. The French defeat forced them to give up Milan, and Loius XII, the invasion of Italy.

1514 AD Battle of Ridanya - The Ottomans led by Selim defeated Tumay Bey the sultan of Egypt at the battle of Ridanya near Cairo. The Ottomans had previously defeated a combined Egyptian Syrian army at the battle of Marj Dabiq in Syria. The Ottomans went on to sack Cairo. The Egyptians as well as the Arabs of Arabia pledge their allegiance to the Ottomans.

1514 AD War Between Ottomans and Shiites - The Ottomans, who were Sunni Muslims, attacked the Shite Persian. The Ottoman Selim who had already massacred 40,000 Shite subjects, defeated the Persian army at the battle of Chaldiran on August 23, 1513. Selim went on to occupy Tabriz and slaughtered 80,000 of its citizens.

1517 AD Martin Luther Nail Thesis to Church -The Protestant Reformation was launched when Martin Luther nailed his criticism of the Catholic Church on the door of the Wittenberg Cathedral. The heart of Luthers complaints were the sale of indulgences by Catholic clergy.

1517 AD Cortes Completes The Conquest of Mexico - Spanish conqueror Hernando Cortes conquered the Aztec capital of Techotchitlan. Thus completing his brutal conquest of the Aztec Indians and all of Mexico.

1517 AD Sebastian Cabot Discovers Hudson Bay -Sebastian Cabot discovered the entrance to Hudson Bay in 1517. He traveled as far south as South Carolina.

1519 AD Ferdinand Magellan Sets Sail Around the World - On August 10, 1519 Portuguese navigator Magellan left Seville with a fleet of five ships on a journey of exploration. He found a route around South America throught the Straits that now bear his name. Magellan died in the Pacific, but his lieutenant and 18 of his men returned to Seville in 1522, after circumnavigating the globe.

1520 AD Suleiman the Magnificent Selim the Ottoman sultan died, he was succeeded by his son Suleiman I. Suleiman became known as Suleiman the Magnificent.

1521 AD Magellan Dies - Ferdinand Magellan, who had circumnavigated South America and reached the Pacific, discovered the Philippine Islands which he claimed for Spain. Magellan is killed in a skirmish with Mactan Indians. Magellan's lieutenant and his remaining men returned to Seville Spain in 1522 after circling the globe.

1522 AD Battle of Bicocca -Charles V of Germany defeated the French forces in the first Valios- Hapsburg War at the battle of Biocca- outside of Milan. As a result the French were once again ousted from Italy.

1524 AD German Peasant's Rebel - Peasants in Southern Germany took heed of Luthers call for religious reform and extended it to include a call for social reform as well. The peasants overthrew the local government in Muhlhausen and demand an end to serfdom, feudal dues and tithes. The uprising was violent and between 100 and 150 thousand peasants are killed inlcuding 5,000 killed by an army of Philip, Landgrave of Hesse who finally end the rebellion on May 14, 1525. Its leader Thomas Muntzer is beheaded.

1524 AD Verazzano Discovers New York Bay -Sailing under a French flag, Giovanni da Verrazano discovered New York Bay, on April 17, 1524. Verrazano first sighted land on March 1st– it was the coast of North Carolina. Verrazano, thus, found New York Bay in the course of his long search for a passage to the Pacific.

1525 AD Battle of Pavia- On February 24 the French are decisively defeated at the Battle of Pavia. Facing the French and their Swiss mercenaries are Spanish and German armies. 6,000 French soldiers are killed in the battle and Francois, the King of France, is taken prisoner. He is forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid renouncing all claims to Burgundy, Flanders, Artois, Tournia and Italy.

1526 AD Babur Control India -Babar the leader of the Mughal crossed the Kybur pass with 12,000 troops. Although his forces were outnumber ten to one his superior tactics as well as advanced artillery allowed him to overcome an army ten time his size. Babar soon gained control of Delhi and the Northern Plains of India.

1526 AD First Battle of Panipat - On April 19th 1526 Zahir-ud-din Babar defeats a much larger force led by Delhi's sultan. Babar then goes on to take control of much of India. He founds the Mughal dynasty that goes on to rule India for over 200 years.

1527 AD Guatemala City Founded -The Spanish found Guatemala City. They created the Spanish capitaincy general of Guatemala. It comprised present day Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica.

1529 AD Algeria– Vassal State - The Ottomans expelled Spain from Algeria with the help of the pirate Barbarossa II. Algeria became a vassal state of the Ottomans.

1529 AD Treaty of Cambrai -France's Francois I renounced the Treaty of Madrid, once he was released from captivity, claiming he had been coerced into signing it. He then declared war on Charles V and once again invading Italy after he had entered into an alliance with William of England. Francois managed to lay seige to Naples, but due to a typhus epidemic that was ravaging Italy, 19,000 out of 25,000 of Francois army was lost to the disease. The French are forced to withdraw. In August 1529 Francois agreed once agains to a treaty where he renounced all claims to Italy and agreed to pay a ransom of 2,000,000 crowns. The ongoing wars for Italy effectively ended the Italian Renaissance.

1531 AD Pizarro Conquers Peru - In 1531 Pizarro began his conquest of Peru. He arrived from Panama with 300 men and 100 horses. By August 1533 Pizzaro completed his conquest of the Incas. His conquest was greatly aided by dissension within the Incas. The Incan leader Atahualpa was taken prisoner while coming to dinner with Pizzaro. His 40,000 men did not attack believing he would be ransomed. A ransom was collected, but he was executed and the Incan Empire ended.

1532 AD Ottomans Invade Hungary - The Ottomans led by Suleiman II invaded Hungary and marched towards Vienna. He was stopped by the forces of Charles V and the Protestant League. The Protestant League and Charles were able to ally with each other as a result of the Peace of Nuremberg which permited the Protestants their free exercise of religion.

1533 AD Henry VIII Marries Anne Boleyn - Henry the VIII secretly married Anne Boleyn with whom he had been living for 5 years. Thomas Cranmer performed the marriage advising him that his previous marriage was null and void.

1533 AD Suleiman Makes peace With Ferdinand I - Suleiman signed a peace treaty with Ferdinand of Hungary that divided the country. Under its terms Ferdinand, who was the brother of the Holy Roman Emperor, ruled part of Hungary while Joan Zapoya, a puppet of Suleiman, ruled the rest.

1533 AD Pizarro Kills Inca Chief -Spanish governor, Francisco Pizarro, killed the Inca Indian Chief Atahualpa. Atahualpa was executed, despite the fact that his people had paid Pizarro a $15 million ransom for his freedom.

1534 AD England Breaks With Church in Rome- After the Church of Rome canceled his annulment to Catherine, and had Henry VIII excommunicated for marrying Anne Boylen, Henry breaks with Rome. He has the parliament pass the Act of Supremacy which states that the King is the supreme head of the English church, and he is the one to appoint all clergy. Henry goes on to break up England monstaries. This results in unforseen economic consequences with more land is enclosed and less common land for peasants to graze their animals.

1534 AD Cartier Claims Canada - Jacques Cartier, sailing under the patronage of King Frances I of France, arrived at the mouth of the St. Lawrence River. After exploring the area, he claimed the area for France.

1536 AD Anne Boleyn Beheaded -Ann Boleyn is beheaded at the request of her husband Henry VIII on the charge of adultery. Henry goes on to marry her lady in waiting Jane Seymour.

1536 AD John Calvin Publishes Institution Chretienne -In 1536 John Calvin published his treatise Institutes of Christian Religion. The treatise was 532 pages in length and its preamble was addressed to the King of France. The book became a roadmap of Protestant thought.

1540 AD First Known Native American Composition A Native American singer from the city of Tlaxcala, Mexico composes a mass.

1540 AD Thomas Cromwell Executed - Thomas Cromwell who was King Henry VIII closest advisor was beheaded in 1540. He was at the forefront of the Kings efforts to break the power of the Catholic church. Cromwell lost some of the confidence of Henry when he selected Anne duke of Cleves as Henry's new wife after the death of Jane Seymour. Henry on meeting her stated " she had no looks, spoke no English and was no better then a Flander mare". When Cromwell was accused of being a herectic Henry went along with his beheading in the Tower of London.

1540 AD Ethiopian Music Notation Developed -According to traditional belief, the musical notational signs used in Ethiopian Coptic chant were developed during the reign of King Claudius (1540-1559) by two priests, Azza Gera and Azza Ragwel. The oldest surviving noted manuscripts in Ethiopia date from the 16th century. The notation consists of markings in the margins and between the lines of text.

1541 AD Henry VIII, King of England Becomes King of Ireland - 1541 was another busy year for Henry VIII. In February Henry had his fifth wife Catherine beheaded for committing adultery. In June he became King of Ireland

1542 AD Westerner in Japan -The first European visitors arrive in Japan aboard a shipwrecked Chinese ship. The Portuguese travelers have muskets, which they sold to the Japanese, who soon duplicate them.

1542 AD DeSoto Discovers Mississippi - On May 8, 1541, Hernando de Soto's expedition in the New World discovered the Mississippi River. The expedition had started out in Florida, in April 1538. It ended in September 1542, when the remnants of the expedition arrived in Mexico. The expedition left behind a trail of slain Indians. De Soto himself died of fever three weeks after arriving on the Mississippi. The expedition had actually crossed the River upstream earlier but had not realized it.

1543 AD Copernicus Claims Earth Circles the Sun In 1543 Nicolaus Copernicus published De revolutionbu orbium coelestiium. This work set out to prove that the earth and the other planets circle around the sun. This was in direct contrast to the accepted theory that everything circled the earth.

1543 AD First Illustrated Study of Human Body - In 1543 Adreas Vesalius published De fabricaq corporis humani. It was the first illustrated systematic study of the human anatomy, and revived the concept of scientific study of the human body

1546 AD Peace of Andres -The Peace of Ardres was signed in 1546 between England and France. It ended a two year war between the two. Under its terms England received indemnity from France and was allowed to retain the French port of Boulogne for eight years.

1547 AD Ivan the Terrible Czar of all the Russians -On January 17th Ivan IV had himself crowned the czar of all of Russia. He was the first Russian ruler to be crowned czar.

1550 AD The Peace of Boulogne -Peace is once again restored between England and France with the signing of the peace treaty of Boulogne. Under its terms England withdrew from Scotland, France also regained Boulogne in return for an indemnity.

7. Agnes7 Webb, born about 1514

7. Agnes⁷ Webb, born about 1514